Railway-traffic-controlling apparatus.



f -PATENT-BlaJA A'I'."16, 1906-.

@.W. COLEMAN. RAILWAY TRAFFIC ooNTRoLL-ING APPARATUS.'

APPLICATION FILED MAR.2, 1904.

UNITED STATES CLARENCE 1V. COLEMAN, O-F WESTFIELD, NEV JERSEY, ASSIGNORTO THE HALL SIGNAL COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

RAILWAY-TRAFFlC-CONTROLLING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 16, 1906.

Application iiled March 2, 1904. Serial No. 196,139.

T all wiz/01W t may con/cern: l

Be it known that I, CLARENCE WV. COLE- MAN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of Westfield, in the county of Union and State ofNew Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inRailway-Traiiic-Controlling Apparatus, of which the following is aspecification.

The object of my invention is to utilize the expansive force of a gasinitially under high pressure to operate a railway-tra'flic-controllingapparatus.

One object of the invention is to prevent a rise in pressure of the gasabove a predetermined amount as it passes through or while in the pipesof the apparatus. The gas that I prefer to utilize is one that isliqueiiable at ordinary temperatures, and in the best embodiment of myinvention I use the gas derived from liquefied carbonic acid.

In the operation of railway-traffic-controli ling apparatus, whethersignals or switches,

by means of the expanding force of a gas initially under highpressure-as, for example, carbonic-acid gas preferably at or near thepressure of liquefaction-it is necessary to provide some means forreducing the pressure of the gas before it is admitted to the motorwhich actuates or controls the signal or switch. One means foraccomplishingl this reduction of pressure is a reducingvalve. It is alsocustomary to provide an admission-valve for admittingl the gas at thereduced pressure to the motor. This admission-valve is usuallycontrolled by electrical means, which is in turn controlled by a train.I have found that the pressure of the gas will sometimes rise above thepressure to which it has been reduced by the reducing means and thatthis rise may be sufficient to exert an objectionable pressure upon theadmissionvalve. The means used to actuate the admission-valve which isable to actuate this valve under normalconditions may be nsufficient tomove the valve when the latter is subjected to the increased pressure ofthe gas. I/have discovered that this objectionable increase in pressureof the gas when carbonic-acid gas is used is due to the formation ofcarbonic-acid snow produced by the chilling of the gas. This snowbecoming trapped between the admission-valve and the reducing-valve willbe converted into high-pressure gas by the heat received from externalsources, such as the atmosphere, and this pressure will give rise to thedifficulties above mentioned. An object of my invention is to preventthe rise in pressure of the gas and the injurious effects that mayresult from the formation of snow out of the gas that is used. I havefound that this objectionable rise in pressure occurs particularly inwinter when the parts of the apparatus are cold and that in summer someof the difficulties that arise in connection with the use of theapparatus in winter are not experienced.

In accordance with my invention any suitable means may be provided toprevent a rise in pressure of the gas above a predetermined point. Thismay be done either by preventing the formation of snow or by preventingtoo great a rise in pressure resulting from the gasification of any snowthat may have been formed.

In the best embodiment of my invention I make use of a reservoir of asuitable capacity, and thereby achieve a number of important results. Ifany snow is formed by the evaporation of the liquid or by the rapidexpansion of the gas, the reservoir is of sufficient capacity to preventthe rise in pressure of the gas from exceeding a predetermined amount.Moreover, the formation of snow is hindered or prevented, since theadditional capacity of the reservoir diminishes the rate of evaporationand of the expansion and consequent cooling of the gas as it passesthrough the pressure-reducing means. Again, the reservoir and the gastherein contained absorb heat from the atmosphere, and thus regain partor all of the energy lost by the cooling of the gas. Again, thereservoir supplies a large reserve store of gas to be drawn upon at eachoperation of Ithe railway-traflic-controlling apparatus, so that thepressure for operating said apparatus remains more nearly uniform andthe pressure-reducing means does not have to act suddenly or deliver ata rapid rate large amounts of low-pressure gas with a consequent greatcooling and freezing'action. The reserve supply of gas, moreover,willpermit the operation of the motor without a large drop in pressureduring the action of the motor.

With the above and other objects in view my invention consists in thenovel parts, improvements, and combinations particularly set out in theclaims.

IOO

Referring to the accompanying drawings, which are attached to thespecification and form a part thereof, Figure 1 illustrates oneembodiment of my invention. Fig. 2 is a detail showing one means ofoperating the means for admitting gas to the apparatus. Fig. 3 is adetail section of the valve mechanism, and Fig. 4 is a section of thereducingvalve.

In the embodiment of my invention illustrated upon the drawings I haveshown a signal as one species of railway-trafIic-oontrolling apparatus.In the best embodiment of this form of the invention the signal includesa signalblade 1. This blade is normally biased toward one condition ofindication by means of the weight 2, provided with the usual glassspectacle 3. The weight is used to move the signal-blade to the dangerposition.

Any desired means may be used for moving the signal-blade to safety. Inthe embodiment of my invention illustrated upon the drawings I haveshown a motor mechanism 4, which may be connected to the signal in anydesired manner. One form of the connecting means, as illustrated inthedrawings, comprises a connecting-rod 5, pivoted to the moving part ofthe motor mechanism at one end and to the semaphore at the other. In theembodiment of the invention illustrated upon the drawings the motormechanism comprises a piston 6 and piston-chamber 7. I have shown thepiston-chamber as movable and the piston 6 as fixed but it will beunderstood that the piston may be movable and the piston-chamber fixed.

The form of the motor mechanism used to actuate the signal may be widelyvaried. I prefer to make use of a motor that is actuated in onedirection by the gas. The high-pressure gas used to actuate the motormechanism may be of any suitable kind. I prefer to make use of a gasthat can be liquefied at ordinary temperatures, and in the bestembodiment of my invention I make use of liquefied carbonio-acid gas.The pressure of liquefaction of this gas is high compared with thepressures used in the compressed-air system of operating signals, thepressure of liquefaction of said gas reaching from six hundred to onethousand pounds per square inch, according to the temperature.

In the best embodiment of my invention I provide suitable means forcontaining a storage-supply of gas. I prefer to storea-supply 'ofliquefied carbonio-acid gas locally in a suitable fiask located near thesignal. I have indicated such a flask at 8 upon the drawings. It will beunderstood that I may use a single flask for each signal or one flaskfor a plurality of signals.

Owing to the high pressure at which the gas is confined in the flask 8,it is necessary to reduce the pressure thereof before the gas en- 6 5ters the motor for actuating the signal. The form of the means forreducing the pressure of the gas may be widely varied. In the embodimentof my invention illustrated upon the drawings I make use of an ordinaryform of reducing-valve, such as described in the patent to Nageldinger,No. 519,089, May l, 1894. Asection of this valve is shown in Fig. 4.

The gas at a high pressure, the amount of which is indicated by one ofthe hands of the pressureage 9, enters the reducing-valve through t epipe 10.

1 1 indicates the cap which closes the valve, the cap being mounted on adiaphragm 12 by means of a standard 13. A spring 14, adjusted by a screw15, opposes its force to that of the diaphragm 12 and to the pressure ofthe gas upon the diaphragm. The gas at the low pressure passes out ofthe low-pressure chamber of the valve at 16. The pipe 17 leads to thelow-pressure side of the gage 9, one hand of which indicates thelow-pressure to which the gas has been reduced.

The operation of the valve will be clear from the description. When thepressure on the low-pressure side of the valve drops, the valve opensslightly until sufficient gas enters through 1() into the low-pressurechamber, so that the effective pressure exerted by the gas on thediaphragm is suicient to balance the pressure on the high-pressure sideof the valve, and thus close the cap 11. Vhen the pressure of the gas isreduced, the gas becomes chilled, partly by reason of the coolingproduced by the converting of the liquid in the flask 8 into gas andpartly by the expansion of the gas as it passes through the`reducing-valve. The amount of this chilling and the rapidity thereofdepend in part upon the demand for gas that is made by the motor 4 andupon the amount and rate of supply of heat energy to the gas. I havefound, especially in the winter-time when the parts of the apparatus arecool, that the chilling of the gas attendant upon its reduction inpressure is apt to produce, and may sometimes roduce, solid particles ofthe substance of w iich the gas is composed. When carbonio-acid gas isutilized, particles of carbonic-acid snow are thus formed and may reachthe part of the apparatus beyond the reducing-valve. When the solidturns into gas by reason of its rise in temperature, due to heatsupplied from the atmosphere, the volume of gas produced will greatlyincrease the pressure of the gas. This increase in pressure above apredetermined point may be suficient to exert an injurious pressure uponthe admission-valve, as will appear more fully hereinafter.

It is the object of my invention to prevent a rise in pressure above apredetermined IOO IIO

amount both by preventing the formation of snow and by avoidinganinjurious rise in pressure after any snow has formed.

Any desired means may be used for preventing the gas at the reducedpressure from rising in pressure above 'a predetermined point and toprevent an objectionable in- 4crease in the pressure of the gas, withits consequent injurious effect upon the admissionvalve and itscontrolling mechanism. In the embodiment of my invention illustratedupon the drawings I make use of a reservoir 19 of suitable capacity,which reservoir is connected between the device for reducing thepressure oi the gas and the admissionvalve. Should any frozen solid beentrained by the gas and find a restingplace in the space in front ofthe admission-valve, the reservoir will be of suflicient capacity toreduce the pressure of any gas resulting from the gasiiication of thefrozen solid. The reservoir, moreover, will tend to mation of any solidand wi also supply a larger reserve supply of gas at a reduced pressureto actuate the motor mechanism. The mass of gas that has passed thereducingvalve is not diminished, so that no gas is wasted. Moreover, thereservoir will permit the gas contained therein to receive heat from thesurrounding atmosphere, and thus increase its stock of energy. Thereservoir may be of any suitable capacity. It is usually a number oftimes that of the cylinder of the motor at the end of its stroke.

It will be noted that the force necessary to actuate the admission-valvemay be very small, with aconsequent saving of' the amount of batterynecessary to actuate the electromagnet that I prefer to use to controlsaid valve and a consequent increased certainty and regularity oftheaction of the valve-controlling mechanism, for by means of my inventionthe pressure of the gas is prevented from rising more than apredetermined amount and the pressure is never permitted to rise to suchan extent and to press upon the admission-valve with such force as tointerfere with its operation by the electromagnet and the electricalcircuit which controls it.

Any desired means may be used to hold the railway-trafic-controllingapparatus in one position, and in particular any desired means may beused to hold the signal at safety. I have indicated the use ofgaspressure for this purpose; but a detent may v be used-*as shown, forexample, in the patent to C. J. Coleman, No. 743,975, November 10, 1903.

Any desired means may be used for admitting gas at a reduced pressure tothe motor. In the embodiment of my invention illustrated upon thedrawings I make use of an admission-valve 20. This valve may be opreventthe forerated in any desired manner. In the best embodiment of myinvention I make use of an electromagnet 21 for actuating said valve inone direction. Any desired connections may be used between theelectromagnet and the valve. As illustrated upon the drawings, I makeuse of a pivoted armature 22, a connecting-rod 23, and a lever 24,pivoted at 25 to the bracket 26. The valve 20 is preferably connected tothe lever 24 by means of a valve-rod 27. Any desired means may be usedto return the valve. valve mechanism illustrated in the drawings I makeuse of the weight of the parts assisted by gas-pressure to return thevalve.

It will be understood that any desired form of exhaust mechanism forpermitting the gas to exhaust from the motor may be used. In the form ofvalve mechanism illus- In the form of the trated upon the drawings Iconnect the ex- A haust-valve 28 so as to move in unison with theadmission-valve 20. This is preferably done by mounting both valve 28and valve 20 on the same stem.

The seat for the valve 2() is indicated at 20 and the seat for the valve28 is indicated at 28a. The seat 20L is mounted in a screwplug 29, whichscrews into the casing 30. Said casing is provided with a screw-threadedinlet-pipe 31,'leading toward the tank 8, and a screw-threadedoutlet-pipe 32, leading toward the motor. There is also provided ascrew-threaded cap 33, screwing into the casing 30, said cap beingremovable, so as to enable one to get at the admission-valve and themechanism connected therewith. The gas` entering at 20l passes into thechamber formed in the screw-,plug 33, then down through the port of theadmission-valve when this valve is open to the outlet-pipe 32, andthence to the motor. The exhaustvalve 28 is closed when theadmission-valve 2() is open. When the admission-valve 20 is closed andthe exhaust-valve 28 is opened, gas escapes from the motor and passesout to the atmosphere, the signal moving to danger. Any appropriatemeans may be used to control the admission-valve. bodiment of myinvention illustrated upon the drawings I make use of electricalcircuits, and I prefer to control said circuits by a train on the track.lThe form of this controlling mechanism may be widely varied, and it maybe varied so as to control the operation of a normal safety or a normaldanger system. of

railway-signals and of a system using a de- In the em- IOO the drawingsI make use of an electromagnet 37, which is placed in circuit with therails 38 and a track-battery 39.

The operation of the apparatus will be readily understood. When there isno train upon the track, the circuit-closer 36 will be closed, themagnet 21 energized, the admission-valve 20 opened, and theexhaust-valve 28 closed. Gas is admitted to the motor, and the signalstands at safety When the train enters the track-section 38, the wheelsof the train short-circuit the magnet 37 which opens the circuit-closer36, the admission-valve 20 is forced to its seat, and the eX-haust-valve 28 is opened. The weight 2 moves the signal to dangen thegas from the motor exhausting through the exhaust-valve.

It will be understood that my invention is not limited to any particulartheory of operation nor to any particular time or manner of its use andthat wide departures may be made from the form or embodiment of theinvention illustrated upon the drawings without departing `from theprinciple thereof.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a railway-tralic-controlling Iapparatus, the combination of meansfor containing a storage-supply of liquefied gas, a motor,railway-traflic-controlling means, means for reducing the pressure ofthe gas, means for reventing the gas at the reduced pressure from risingabove a predetermined point and means for admitting gas at a reducedpressure to said motor, substantially as described.

2. In a railway-traHic-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containing a storage-supply ofcarbonic-acid gas, a motor,railway-trafic-controlling means, means for reducing the pressure of thegas, means for preventing the gas at the reduced pressure from risingabove a predetermined point and means for admitting gas at a reducedpressure to said motor, substantially as described.

3. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of liqueed gas, a motor, a signal, means forreducing the pressure of the gas, means for preventing the gas at thereduced pressure from rising above a predetermined p point and means foradmitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, substantially asdescribed.

4. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of carbonio-acid gas, a motor, a signal,means for reducing the pressure of the gas, means for preventing the gasat the reduced pressure from rising above a predetermined point andmeans for admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor,substantially as described.

5. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of liquefied gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, means for reducing the pressure ofthe gas, means forpreventing the gas at the reduced pressure from rising above apredetermined point and means for admitting gas at a reduced pressure tosaid motor, substantially as described.

6. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of liquefied gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, a weight for moving'it in one direction, connectionsbetween the motor and the blade whereby the motor may move the blade inthe opposite direction, means for reducing the pressure of the gas,means for preventing the gas at the reduced pressure from rising above apredetermined point, and means for admitting gas at a reduced pressureto said motor, substantially as described.

7. In a railway-trafic-controlling apparatus, the combination of meanscontaining a .storage-supply of liquefied gas, a motor,railway-traillic-controlling means, means for reducing the pressure ofthe gas, means for preventing the gas at the reduced pressure fromrising above a predetermined point without diminishing the mass of gasthat has passed the pressure-reducing means and means for admitting gasat a reduced pressure to said motor, substantially as described.

8. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means 'forcontaining a storagesupply of' liquefied gas, a motor, a signal, meansfor reducing the pressure of the gas, means for preventing the gas atthe reduced pressure from rising above a predetermined point withoutdiminishing the mass of gas that has passed the pressure-reducing meansand means for admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor,substantially as described.

9. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of liqueiied gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, means for reducing the pressure of the gas, means forpreventin the gas at the reduced pressure from rising a ove apredetermined point Without diminishing the mass of gas that has passedthe pressurereducing means and means for admitting gas at a reducedpressure to said motor, substantially as described.

10. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of carbonio-acid gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, means for reducing the pressure of the gas, means forpreventing the gas at the reduced pressure from rising above apredetermined point without diminishing the mass of gas that has passedthe pressure-reducing means and means for admitting gas at a reducedpressure to said motor, substantially as described.

11. In a railway signal apparatus, the com- IOS IIO

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bination of means for containing a storagesupply of li ueiied gas, amotor, a pivoted semaphore-blade, a weight Jfor moving it in onedirection, connections between the motor and the blade whereby the motormay move the blade in the opposite direction, means for reducing thepressure of the gas, means for preventing the gas at the reducedpressure from rising above a predetermined point without diminishing themass of gas that has passed the pressure-reducing means and means foradmitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor,substantially asdescribed.

12. In a railway-tra'fIic-controlling apparatus, the combination ofmeans for containing a storage-supply of liqueiied gas, a motor,railway-traHc-controlling means, a reducing-valve, means for preventinga predetermined rise from the reduced pressure produced by thereducing-valve and an admission-valve for admitting gas at a reducedpressure to said motor, substantially as described.

13. Inarailway-traiic-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containl ing a storage-supply of carbonic-acid gas, a motor,railway-traic-controlling means, a reducing-valve, means for preventinga predetermined rise from the reduced pressure produced by thereducing-valve and an admission-valve for admitting gas at a reducedpressure to said motor, substantially as described.

14. In a railway-trattic-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containing a storage-supply of liquefied gas, a motor,railway-trattic-controlling means, a reducingvalve, an admission-valvefor admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor and means forpreventing the gas, after it passes the reducing-valve, from exerting apressure upon said reducing-valve and admissionvalve in excess of apredetermined amount, substantially as described.

15. In a railway-trafic-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containing a storage-supply of a liquefied gas, a motor,railway-traHic-controlling means, a reducing-valve, an admission-valvefor admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, and means forpreventing the rise in pressure of the gas above a predetermined amountafter passing the reducing-valve, without diminishing the mass of gasthat has passed the reducing-valve, substantially as described.

' 16. In a railway-trafIic-controlling apparatus, the combination ofmeans for containing a storage-supply of liquefied gas, a motor,railway-tra'Hic-controlling means, a reducingvalve, an admission-valvefor admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, and means forpreventing the gas, after it passes the reducing-valve, from exerting apressure upon said reducing-valve and admissionvalve in excess of apredetermined amount without diminishing the mass of gas that has passedthe reducing-valve, substantially as described.

17. In a railway-trafHc-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containing a storage-supply of liqueiied gas, a motor,railway-trafc-controlling means, means for reducing the pressure of thegas, means for admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, and areservoir for receiving the gas after it has passed thepressure-reducing means, substantially as described.

18. Ina railway-traiiic-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containing a storage-supply of carbonic-acid gas, a motor, railwaytraflic controlling means, means for reducing the pressure of the gas,means'for admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, and areservoir for receiving the gas after it has passed the pressurereducingmeans, substantially as described.

19. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of liquefied gas, a motor, a signal,

means for reducing the pressure of the gas, means for admitting gas at areduced pressure to said motor, and a reservoir for receiving the gasafter it has passed the pressurereducing means, substantially asdescribed.

20. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply oi liquefied gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, means for reducing the pressure of the gas, means foradmitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, and a reservoir forreceiving the gas after it has passed the pressure-reducing means,substantially as described.

21. In a railway signal apparatus,the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of carbonic-acid gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, means for reducing the pressure of the gas, means foradmitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, and a reservoir iorreceiving the gas after it has passed the pressure-reducing means,substantially as described. 22. In a railway signal apparatus, thecornbination of means for containing a storagesupply of li ueied gas, amotor, a pivoted semaphore-b ade, a weight for moving it in onedirection, connections between the motor and the blade whereby the motormay move the blade in the opposite direction, means for reducing thepressure of the gas, means for admitting gas at a reduced pressure tosaid motor, and a reservoir for receiving the gas after it has passedthe pressure-reducing means, substantially as described.

23. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of carbonic-acid gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, a weight for moving it in one direction, connectionsbetween the motor and the blade whereby the motor may ICC move the bladein the opposite direction, means for reducing the pressure of the gas,means for admitting gas at areduced pressure to said motor, and areservoir for receiving the gas after it has passed the pressure-reducmgmeans, substantially as described.

24. In a railway-trafiic-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containing a storage-supply of liquefied gas, a motor,railway-tratiic-controlling means, a reducingvalve, an admission-valvefor admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, and a reservoirfor receiving the gas after it has passed the pressure-reducing means,substantially as described.

25. In a railway-traflic-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containlng a storage-supply ot carbonic-acid gas, a motor,railway-tradic-controlling means, a reducing-valve, an admission-valvefor admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, and a reservoirfor receiving the gas after it has passed the pressure-reducing means,substantially as described.

26. In a railway-traiic-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containing a storage-supply of liquefied gas, a motor,railway-traHic-controlling means, means for reducing the pressure of thegas, means 'for preventing the gas at the reduced pressure from risingabove a predetermined point, means for admitting gas at a reducedpressure to said motor, and means controlled by a train for controllingsaid gasadmitting means, substantially as described.

27. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a local storage-supply of liquefied gas, a motor, a signal,means for reducing the pressure of the gas, means for preventing the gasat the reduced pressure from rising above a predetermined point, meansfor admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, and meanscontrolled bya train for controlling said gas-admitting means,substantially as described.

28. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of liquefied gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, means for reducing the pressure of the gas, means forpreventin the gas at the reduced pressure from rising a ove apredetermined point, means for admitting gas at a reduced pressure tosaid motor, and means controlled by a train for controlling saidgas-admitting means, substantially as described.

29.l In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of carbonic-acid gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, means for reducing the pressure ofthe gas, means forpreventin(T the gas at the reduced pressure from rising a ove apredetermined point, means for admittin gas at a reduced pressure tosaid motor, an means controlled by a train for controlling saidgas-admitting means, substantially as described.

30. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of liqueiied gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, a weight for moving it in one direction, connectionsbetween the motor and the blade whereby the motor may move the blade inthe opposite direction, means for reducing the pressure of the gas,means for preventing the gas at the reduced pressure from rising above apredetermined point, means for admitting gas at a reduced pressure tosaid motor, and means controlled y a train for controlling saidgas-admitting means, substantially as described.

31. In a railway-traiiic-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containi ing a storage-supply of liquefied gas, a motor,

railway-traffic-controlling means, means for reducing the pressure ofthe gas, means for preventing the gas at the reduced pressure fromrising above a predetermined point without diminishing the mass of gasthat has A.passed the pressure-reducing means, means for admitting as ata reduced ressure to said motor, and means controlle by a train forcontrollin said gas-admitting means, substantially as escribed.

32. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of liqueiied gas, a motor, a signal, meansfor reducing the pressure of the gas, means for preventing the gas atthe reduced pressure from rising above a predetermined point withoutdiminishing the mass of gas that has passed the pressure-reducing means,means for admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, and meanscontrolled by a train for controlling said gas-admitting means,substantially as described.

33. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of liquefied gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, means for reducing the pressure of the gas, means forpreventing the gas at the reduced pressure from rising above apredetermined point without diminishing the mass of gas that has passedthe pressurereducing means, means for admittin Y gas at a reducedpressure to said motor, and means controlled by a train for controllingsaid gasadmitting means, substantially as described.

34. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of carbonic-acid gas, a motor, a pivot'- edsemaphore-blade, means for reducing the pressure of the gas, means forpreventing the gas at the reduced pressure from rising above apredetermined point without diminishing the mass of gas that has passedthe pressurereducing means, means for admittinvi gas at a reducedpressure to said motor, anc means controlled by a train for controllingsaid gasadmitting means, substantially as described.

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sioca 35. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of liquefied gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, a weight for moving it in one direction, connectionsbetween the motor and the blade whereby the motor may move the blade inthe opposite direction, means for reducing the pressure of the gas,means for preventing the gas at the reduced pressure from rising above apredetermined point without diminishing the mass of gas that has passedthe pressure-reducing means, means for admitting gas at a reducedpressure to said motor, and means `controlled by a train for controllingsaid admitting means,A substantially as described.

'36. Ina railway-traffic-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containing a storage-supply of liquefied gas, a motor,railway-traflic-controlling means, a reducingvalve, an admission-valvefor admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, means controlledby a train for controlling said admission-valve, and means forpreventing the gas, after it passes the reducing-valve, from exerting apressure upon said reducing-valve and admission-valve in excess of apredetermined amount, substantially as described.

37 In a railway-trafIic-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containing a storage-supply of' carbonio-acid gas, a motor,railway-trafl'ic-controlling means, a reducing-valve, an admission-valvefor admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, means controlledby a train for controlling said admission-valve, and means forpreventing the gas, after it passes the reducing-valve, from exerting apressure upon said reducingvalve and admission-valve in excess of apredetermined amount, substantially as described.

38. In a railway-trafhc-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containing a storage-supply of liquefied gas, a motor,railway-traffic-controlling means, a reducingvalve, an admission-valvefor admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, means controlledby a train for controlling said admission-valve, and means forpreventing the rise in pressure of the gas above a predetermined amountafter passing the reducingvalve, without diminishing the mass of gasthat has passed the reducing-valve, substantially as described.

39. In a railway-traiiic-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor' containing a storage-supply of liquefied gas, a motor,railway-traffic-controlling means, a reducingvalve, an admission-valvefor admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, means controlledby a train for controlling said admission-valve, and means forpreventing the gas, after it passes the reducing-valve, from exerting apressure upon said reducing-valve and admission-valve in excess of apredetermined amount without diminishing the mass of gas that has passedthe reducing-valve, substantially as described'.

40. In arailway-traflic-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containing a storage-supply of liquefied gas, a motor,railway-traflio-controlling means, means for reducing the pressure ofthe gas, means for admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor,means controlled by a train for controlling said admission-valve, and areservoir for receiving the gas after it has passed thepressure-reducing means, substantially as described.

41. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of liquefied gas, a motor, a signal, meansfor reducing the pressure of the gas, an admission-valve fory admittinggas at a reduced pressure to said motor, means controlled by a tr'ainfor controlling said admission-valve, and a reservoir for receiving thegas after it has passed the pressure-reducing means, substantially asdescribed.

42. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of carbonio-acid gas, a motor, a signal,means for reducing the pressure of the gas, an admission-valve foradmitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, means controlled by atrain for controlling saidadmission-valve, and a reservoir for receivingthe gas after it has passed the pressure-reducing means, substantiallyas described.

43. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of liquefied gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, means for reducing the pressure of the gas, anadmission-valve for admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor,means controlled by a train for controlling said admission-valve, and areservoir for receiving the gas after it has passed thepressure-reducing means, substantially as described. y

44. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of liquefied gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, a weight for moving it in one direction, connectionsbetween the motor and the blade whereby the motor may move the blade inthe opposite direction, means for reducing the pressure of the gas, anadmission-valve for admitting gas at a reduced pressure to said motor,means controlled by a train for controlling said admission-valve and areservoir for receiving the gas after it has passed thepressure-reducing means, substantially as described.

45. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of carbonio-acid gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, a weight for moving it in one direction,connectionsbetween the motor and the blade whereby the motor may IIO IZO

ISO

move the blade in the opposite direction, means for reducing thepressure of the gas, an admission-valve for admitting gas at a reducedpressure to said motor, means controlled by a train for controlling saidadmission-valve and a reservoir for receiving the gas after it haspassed the pressure-reducing means, substantially as described.

46. In arailway-traflic-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containing a storage-supply of liqueed gas, a motor,railway-tralic-controlling means, a reducingvalve, an admission-valvefor admitting the gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, meanscontrolled by a train for controlling said admission-valve, and areservoir for receiving the gas after it has passed thepressure-reducing means, substantially as described.

47. In a railway-trafHc-controlling apparatus, the combination of meansfor containing a storage-supply of carbonic-acid gas, a motor,railway-traflic-controlling means, a reducing valve, an admission valvefor admitting the gas at a reduced pressure to said motor, meanscontrolled by a train for controlling said adInission-valve, and areservoir for receiving the gas after it has passed thepressure-reducing means, substantially as described.

48. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of liquelied gas, a motor, a signal, areducing-valve, an admission-valve for admitting gas at a reducedpressure to said Inotor, means controlled by a train for controllingsaid admission-valve, and a reservoir for receiving the gas after it haspassed the pressure-reducing means.

49. In a railway signal apparatus, the combination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of lioueiied gas, a motor, a pivotedsemaphore-blade, a reducing-valve, an admission-valve for admitting gasat a reduced pressure to said motor, means controlled by a train forcontrolling said admission-valve, and a reservoir for receiving the gasafter it has passed the pressure-reducing means, substantially asdescribed. i

50. In a railway signal apparatus, thecornbination of means forcontaining a storagesupply of liquefied gas, a pivoted semaphoreblade, aweight for operating said blade in one direction, a motor for returningsaid blade, a reducing-valve, an admission-valve for admitting gas at areduced pressure to said motor, means controlled by a train forcontrolling said admission-valve, and a reservoir for receiving the gasafter it has'passed the pressure-reducing means, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I havev signed my name to this speci'lication intheY presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CLARENCE W- COLEMAN.

Witnesses:

WILLIAM F. BIssING, EDWIN SEGER.

